Philosophy Links by George Hernandez

Links that lead to off-site pages about philosophy, psychology, mind, spirit, and the like.

General Philosophy

Wikipedia
Miscellany
- Dictionary of Philosphy of Mind [Philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/]. By Chris Eliasmith.
- ePhilosopher.com. 'a web community dedicated to philosophical thinking'.
- EpistemeLinks [epistemelinks.com]. 'Philosophy Resources on the Internet'. By Tom Stone. Don't be fooled by all the advertising.
- Erratic Imact [erraticimpact.com]. 'Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base is categorized by history, subject and author. Integrating text resources with the best online resources, this study guide attempts to aid both academic and general interest in all philosophical genres and their related fields.'
- Google
  - Directory.google.com/Top/Society/Philosophy
  - Google.com/search?q=philosophy
- Guide to Philosophy on the Internet [earlham.edu/~peters/philinks.htm]. By Peter Suber. Alas! He's stopped updating it as of 2003-02.
- Philosophers.co.uk. The Philosopher's Magazine on the Internet.
  - Taboo. A test on ethics. I loved this test even though some of the subject matter might make people feel uncomfortable.
- Philosophical Society [philosophicalsociety.com]. By Tim Ruggiero.
- Philosophy [Philosophy.eServer.org]. 'writings by modern and classical philosophers' as hosted by Iowa State University.
- Philosophy Archive [philosophyarchive.com]. 'an archive of 2000 years of thought, in the form of texts, biographies and essays
  You can see our full range of free E-Texts here, sorted by author alphabetically and chronologically. Check out the community section while you're here if you feel like having some philosophical discussions'
- Philosophy Around the Web [users.ox.ac.uk/~worc0337/phil_index.html]. By Dr. Peter J. King.
- philosophy @ <large> [liv.ac.uk/pal/]. 'a webguide for the philosophy community'. At the University of Liverpool.
- Philosophy in Cyberspace [www-personal.monash.edu.au/~dey/phil/]. By Dey Alexander.
- Philosophy Now [PhilosophyNow.org]. "aims to corrupt innocent citizens by convincing them that philosophy can be exciting, worthwhile and comprehensible, and also to provide some light and enjoyable reading matter for those already ensnared by the muse, such as philosophy students and academics."
- Philosophy Pages [PhilosophyPages.com]. 'helpful information for students of the Western philosophical tradition.' By Garth Kemerling.
- Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy [rep.routledge.com/signpost-articles]. 'Featuring 2,000 original entries from a team of over 1,300 of the world's most respected scholars and philosophers, REP swiftly accumulated rave reviews and awards, including selection by Library Journal as one of its 50 Sources for the Millenium, and recognition as an Outstanding Reference Source by the American Library Association.'
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Plato.Stanford.edu]
- The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy [IEP.UTM.edu].
- The Introducing Philosophy Series [Galilean-Library.org/Philosophy.html]
- The Philosophy Site [nd.edu/~dthunder/texts.html]. 'an Irish website dedicated to the pursuit of truth and wisdom in a spirit of freedom, scholarly rigour and personal integrity'

The concept of copyleft is the opposite of copyright. Copyleft take the F/OSS (Free/Open Source Software) movement, and applies it more broadly to increasing the public domain of knowledge and creative works as part of our human heritage but also as building blocks for the future.

Wikipedia
- WikimediaFoundation.org: ' Imagine a world in which every single person is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That's what we're doing. ... The Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. is an international non-profit organization dedicated to encouraging the growth, development and distribution of free, multilingual content, and to providing the full content of these wiki-based projects to the public free of charge.'
- public domain : 'The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. (Proprietary interest is typically represented by a copyright or patent.) Such works and inventions are considered part of the public's cultural heritage, and anyone can use and build upon them without restriction (not taking into account laws concerning safety, export, etc.).'
- copyleft: 'Copyleft describes a group of licenses applied to works such as software, documents, and art. Where copyright law is seen by the original proponents of copyleft as a way to restrict the right to make and redistribute copies of a particular work, a copyleft license uses copyright law in order to ensure that every person who receives a copy or derived version of a work, can use, modify, and also redistribute both the work, and derived versions of the work. Thus, in a non-legal sense, copyleft is the opposite of copyright.'
Miscellany
- "Copyleft vs. Copyright: A Marxist critique" by Johan Söderberg
- Creative Commons [CreativeCommons.org]
- Electronic Frontier Foundation [EFF,org]
- FreeCulture.org
- Libre Society [LibreSociety.org]
- Magnatune.com. 'We're a record label. But we're not evil.'

Eastern Philosophy

Chinese Philosophers and Schools
- I Ching (~-2800) [W]. Aka Yi Jing (Pinyin). Yin Yang [W].
- Confucius (-0551/-0479) [W]. Confucianism.
  - Mencius (-0372/-0289) [W]. Aka Megnzi; Meng-tzu.
  - Xun Zi (-0310/-0237) [W]. Xunzi.
  - Xhu Zi (1130/1200) [W]. Neo-Confucianism [W].
  - Wang Yangming (1472/1529)
- Mo Zi (-0470/-0390) [W]. Aka Micius. Mohism [W].
- Taoism. Aka Daoism; Daojiao (Pinyin); Tao-chiao (Wades-Giles).
  - Lao Zi (-0300s) [W]. Aka Lao Tzu; Lao Tse; Laozi.
    - Tao Te Ching (aka Dao De Ching (Pinyin), Classic of the Way and Virtue) [W]. The second most translated book in history with two sections: The Tao has chapters 1-37 and the Te has chapters 38-81. Each chapter is roughly an English paragraph or stanza. There are many postings of the original and translations online.
      - Over 2 dozen translations side by side [http://www.wayist.org/ttc%20compared/indexchp.htm]
      - By Charles Muller [hm.tyg.jp/~acmuller/contao/daodejing.html]
      - By Ron Hogan [http://www.beatrice.com/TAO.html]. Into the current vernacular. I like this version.
  - Chuang Tzu (-0300s) [W]. Aka Zhuang Zi (Pinyin); Chuang Tse. Zhuangzi.
    - http://hkusuc.hku.hk/philodep/ch/zhuang.htm
- Han Feizi (/-0233) [W]. Legalism [W].
Yin Yang
- ChineseFortuneCalendar.com/YinYang.htm & 2. Astronomical interpretation of the Yin Yang symbol.
- MathWorld.Wolfram.com/Yin-Yang.html
- Yin Yang [W]. Enm-Yang or Um-Yang in Korean.
- Yin Yang Quiz [Macrobiotics.co.uk/YinYangQuiz.htm]
Miscellany
- 101 Zen Stories [thesegoto11.com/zen/]
- Chinese Philosophy [W]

Epistemology

Epistemology [W]. 'Epistemology, from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (word/speech) is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin and scope of knowledge.'
- Major theories
  - Empiricism. 'all human knowledge comes at first from senses and experience. Empiricism denies that humans have innate ideas or that anything is knowable prior to any experience.'
  - Idealism. 'the primacy of mind, spirit, or language over matter'
  - Phenomenalism. 'physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events. Ultimately, only mental objects, properties, events, exist. In particular, we may reduce talk of physical bodies to talk of bundles of sense-data.'
  - Pragmatism. 'the insistence on consequences, utility and practicality as vital components of truth'
  - Rationalism ('truth can best be discovered by reason and factual analysis, rather than faith, dogma or religious teaching') v Continental rationalism ('human reason can in principle be the source of all knowledge')
- Miscellany
  - Belief
  - Knowledge. 'awareness and understanding of facts, truths or information gained in the form of experience or learning (a posteriori), or through deductive reasoning (a priori). Knowledge is an appreciation of the possession of interconnected details which, in isolation, are of lesser value. ... Knowledge is distinct from simple information. Both knowledge and information consist of true statements, but knowledge is information that has a purpose or use. Philosophers would describe this as information associated with intentionality. In epistemology a common definition of knowledge is that it consists of justified true belief. This definition derives from Plato's Theaetetus. It is considered to set out necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for some statement to count as knowledge.'
  - Propositional knowledge. know-that
  - Procedural knowledge. know-how
  - Relativism 'the view that the meaning and value of human beliefs and behaviors have no absolute reference'
  - Skill
  - Subject (philosophy). 'The object is the thing perceived; the subject is the one who perceives.'
  - Tacit knowledge. know-what. "We know more than we can tell." -Michael Polanyi. 'Tacit knowledge has been described as "know-how" (as opposed to "know-what" [facts] and "know-why" [science]) .'
  - Truth

Ethics

Wikipedia
- Ethics [W]
  - Ethic_of_reciprocity. Aka The Golden Rule.
  - Ethics_in_religion
  - Goodness_and_value_theory
  - Morality
  - Virtue_ethics
- Sin [W]
  - Eternal_sin. Related to Apostate.
  - Mortal_sin
  - Original_sin
  - Seven_deadly_sins
  - Venial_sin
Miscellany
- BioEthics.gov. 'The President's Council of Bioethics'
- DeadlySins.com
  - Seven Deadly Sins: Pride, Envy, Gluttony, Lust, Anger, Greed, Sloth. Aka 7 Cardinal sins.
  - Four Cardinal Virtues: Prudence, Temperance, Justice, Courage. Via the Ancient Greeks.
  - Three Theological Virtues: Love, Hope, Faith. Via St. Paul.
  - Seven Contrary Virtues: Humility, Kindness, Abstinence, Chastity, Patience, Liberality, Diligence. Via Prudentius.
  - Seven Heavenly Virtues: ~~Love~~, Hope, Faith + Prudence, Temperance, Justice, ~~Courage~~ + Charity, Fortitude
  - Seven Corporal Works of Mercy: feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, give shelter to strangers, clothe the naked, visit the sick, minister to prisoners, and bury the dead.
- Ethical Philosophy Selector. This test and the results are a little loose but fun. Here are the results of my test [taken 2003-12]. Once again, a scary 100% score.
  - Aristotle (100%)
  - Ayn Rand (98%)
  - John Stuart Mill (92%)
  - Aquinas (90%)
  - Plato (78%)
  - Jeremy Bentham (75%)
  - Epicureans (74%)
  - Jean-Paul Sartre (74%)
  - St. Augustine (58%)
  - David Hume (55%)
  - Kant (53%)
  - Spinoza (47%)
  - Stoics (46%)
  - Prescriptivism (42%)
  - Ockham (40%)
  - Nietzsche (30%)
  - Cynics (26%)
  - Thomas Hobbes (26%)
  - Nel Noddings (15%)
- Taboo
  - 'The aim of this activity is to tell you something about your moral intuitions. It comprises twelve questions.'
  - Some of the subject matter on this ethics test might make people feel uncomfortable.
  - In case you want to know, here are my scores. At the time I took the test [2003-12], the test had been taken 13, 617 times.
    - Your Moralising Quotient is: 0.42 (0.26 avg., i.e. I am less permissive then avg.)
    - Your Interference Factor is: 0.25 (0.15 avg., i.e. I am more likely to recommend societal interference than avg.)
    - Your Universalising Factor is: 1.00 (0.43 avg, I am more likely to see moral wrong doing in universal terms than avg.) A surprising 100% score.
- Whose Life Would You Save? [article] Very good. Very rare to see a true mesh of philosophy and science. It covers a lot of classical ethical problems.

Landmark Education

LandmarkEducation.com and Course Syllabus. What's the scoop with "Werner Erhard" (aka John Paul Rosenberg, John Rosenberg, Steve Rosenberg, Werner Spits)? [His brother "Harry Rosenberg" allegedly now runs Landmark.] The truth is so obfuscated, that I think very few people actually know.

Wikipedia
- Landmark Education
- Werner Erhard
Miscellany
- EST and the Forum [Usefulweb.demon.co.uk/forum/]. 'Summary This page has been written as background for people considering taking the Forum training offered by Landmark Education. The author is an independent psychologist [see Psychotherapy Practice] and graduate of the Est training, the Forum's predecessor. ... The Forum is a large group awareness training developed out of its forerunner The Erhard Seminars Training [known as Est]. The creator of Est, Werner Erhard, studied many personal development traditions ranging from Buddhism to Scientology. He realised he could combine insights from several sources to develop a training, to be held under rigourous conditions and designed to induce in participants shifts towards fresh realisations about the way their life has functioned, and realisations about what it is possible for them to be. Such shifts are not readily obtainable in ordinary life because most people are too cocooned by self-comforting habits and ways of being; habits of avoidance, denial, defensiveness, and so on.'
- Free-Definition.com/Landmark-Education.html
- http://home.swbell.net/danchase/. Open directory with many links discussing Landmark
  - Landmark Education: Creating Possibilities or pursuing profit. I think it's both.
- RickRoss.com. 'The Rick A. Ross Institute (RRI) of New Jersey is a nonprofit, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) organization devoted to public education and research. RRI's mission is to study destructive cults, controversial groups and movements and to provide a broad range of information and services easily accessible to the public for assistance and educational purposes.'
  - This site has largely negative comments on Landmark.
  - Landmark Education
  - The Forum
- SkepDic.com
- WernerErhard.com
- What's Wrong With Multi-Level Marketing?
- Working-Minds.com. 'The contents of this philosophy website are the result of the freedom & expansion of Who I Am that has come about from my committed engagement with the tools provided by est and Landmark Education.'
  - Werner Erhard

Logic

Wikipedia
- Logic
- Arbitrarily closer to math and computers
  - Bayesian inference; Bayesian probability; Boolean algebra; Boolean logic; Clocked logic; Complement (set theory); Dynamic logic; Exclusive or (XOR or XNAD); Exclusive_nor (XNOR or XAND); First-order_logic; Frame problem; Fuzzy logic; Hoare logic; Intuitionistic logic; Intersection (set theory); List of rules of inference; Logic gate; Logic in computer science; Logical conditional (IF); Logical conjunction (AND); Logical disjunction (OR); Logical nor (NOR); Mathematical logic; Natural deduction; Negation (NOT); Predicate calculus; Propositional calculus (nice chart); Provability logic; Second order logic; Sheffer stroke (NAND); Union (set theory);
- Arbitrarily closer to philosophy
  - Abductive_reasoning; Analytic philosophy; Argument; Assertion; Categorical syllogism; Classical logic; Common sense; Completeness; Conclusion; Deductive reasoning; De Morgan's laws; Default logic; Definition; Entailment; Existence; Fallacy; Formal system; Free logic; History of logic; Hybrid logic; Identity (philosophy); Induction (philosophy); Inference; Informal logic; Law of excluded middle; Law of noncontradiction; Logical argument; Logical connective; Logical fallacy; Logical reasoning; Metaphor; Modal logic; Monotonicity of entailment; Many-valued logic; Necessity; Organon; Paraconsistent logic; Paradox; Paradox of entailment; Philosophical logic; Postcondition; Precondition; Predicate (logic); Premise; Proof calculus; Proposition; Quantification; Reasoning; Reductio_ad_absurdum; Reference; Relevance logic; Rule of inference; Soundness; Syllogistic fallacy; Table of logic symbols; Tautology; Temporal logic; Term logic; Truth; Vacuous truth;
Miscellany
- Commens [helsinki.fi/science/commens/]
- Fallacy Files [FallacyFiles.org]
- Logical Fallacies [philosophicalsociety.com/Logical Fallacies.htm]
- Translation Tips [earlham.edu/~peters/courses/log/transtip.htm]. By Peter Suber. 'In this hand-out I treat the notation of truth-functional propositional logic and first-order predicate logic as a language, and give guidance on translating from English into this foreign language. In general, "logical" issues, such as methods for making use of the expressions once translated, are omitted here.'

Mysticism

Wikipedia
- Portal:Religion
- Portal:Spirituality
- Religious texts [wikisource.org/...]
- Norse, Ásatrú
  - Asatru
  - List of Norse gods
  - Norse mythology
  - Sources
    - Norse saga
    - Hávamál. '(The Words of the High One), (known also as "The Sayings of Har", or the "High Song of Odin"), a work of Old Norse poetry, is a source document for the study of Norse mythology, being a set of rules for wise living (and survival) purportedly written by Odin. It is both practical and metaphysical in content. The only extant source for this poem is contained within the Codex Regius. An early reference to the poem is by Eyvindr skáldaspillir in Hákonarmál, c. 960. Hávamál consists of a number of poems, which shift in tone and tenor and narrative position. Many modern proponents of Ásatrú place the Havamal at the centre of their religious beliefs.'
    - Poetic Edda.
      - The Poetic Edda, aka Sæmundar Edda; Elder Edda.
      - In addition to the Codex Regius, various editors of the Poetic Edda frequently include a significant number of poems not from the Codex Regis.
      - 'The Poetic Edda is a collection of Old Norse poems from the Icelandic mediaeval manuscript Codex Regius. In a wider sense the Poetic Edda includes a number of similar poems from other manuscripts. Along with Snorri's Edda the Poetic Edda is the most important source we have on Norse mythology and Germanic heroic legends. '
    - Younger Edda.
      - The Younger Edda, aka Prose Edda; Snorri's Edda.
      - 'The Prose Edda consists of three distinct sections: the Gylfaginning (c 20 000 words), the Skáldskaparmál (c 50 000 words) and the Háttatal (c 20 000 words).
Bible
- Ban The Bible. 'There are no better porn writers than the authors of the Bible. Consider the unbridled eroticism of the Song of Solomon. Or if you want hardcore smut, incest, rape, sexual mutilation, voyeurism, watersports, fornication, adultery, etc., look no further than your family Bible. Christians justify the sex therein as "contextualized" with a "moral message." Wrapping porn in a morality tale is the oldest ploy of smut peddlers. No one reads the endings anyway, but including a moral message salves the conscience of the pious. It's one way to have your..., shall we say "cake," and eat it, too.'
- Bible.cc. 'Our mission is to increase the visibility and accessibility of the Scriptures online. Our site is designed to get you quickly to the verse, version and site you need. Each of our 31102 Bible Verse Pages is currently titled and formatted with 8 versions listed and direct links to the chapter in 25 versions on 12 separate sites. '
- BibleGateway.com.
  - 'The Bible Gateway is a tool for reading and researching scripture online -- all in the language or translation of your choice!'
  - They let you download many different versions of the Bible. You can also see whole chapters at a time instead of just individual verses.
- KingJBible.com. King James Bible
- New American Bible. I should put references to the Koran and stuff here too.
- SkepticsAnnotatedBible.com
- Steps to Recovery from Bible Abuse [truluck.com]. By Dr. Rembert S. Truluck.
- The Interactive Bible [bible.ca]. Are they being weird on purpose?
Christian
- AskWhy.co.uk. A Christian doubter.
  - "The Truth about the Jewish Scriptures". 'Full explanation of how the Jewish scriptures were founded by the Persian kings in the fifth century as a political weapon of mass control and its subsequent evolution and elaboration under the Greeks and Maccabees. Nothing supernatural here'
- Bible-Truths.org. Their content is so insipid that you think its a joke but they aren't joking. How pathetic.
- Catholic.org.
- Catholicism.org
- Chick.com. Most famous for their Christian cartoon booklets.
- CrossWalk.com. Somewhat commercial.
  - BibleStudyTools.net.
- godandscience.org
- Landover Baptist Church [LandoverBaptist.org]. A fairly outrageous but funny site.
- NewAdvent.org. Catholic studies resource.
  - Catholic Encyclopedia. Slanted but still a resource.
- Opus Dei - The Unofficial Homepage
- Sojo.net. 'a Christian ministry whose mission is to proclaim and practice the biblical call to integrate spiritual renewal and social justice.'
- Vatican.va.
- "What's up with Mormonism?" [straightdope.com/mailbag/mmormon.html]
Greek. See also Mythology.
- Greek Mythology [http://messagenet.com/myths/]
- Greek Mythology [http://www.desy.de/gna/interpedia/greek_myth/greek_myth.html]
- GreekMythology.com
- Greek Mythology Link [http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/index.html]. 'The Greek Mythology Link is a collection of myths retold by Carlos Parada, author of Genealogical Guide to Greek Mythology, published in 1993 (available at Amazon). The GML contains Texts, Images, Tables and Maps. The mythical accounts are based exclusively on ancient sources.'
- WingedSandals.com [Flash optional]. This is a fun site on Greek mythology.
Indian, Hindu
- BuddhaNet.net. 'The original Buddhist information and education network'.
- ExoticIndia.com. 'the Internet's largest Retail Store for Indian Arts and Crafts.'
  - "Shiva - The Sensuous Yogi"
  - "The Iconographic Genesis of Shiva"
- IndiaDivine.org
- US-Hindus.com
Islam
- CrescentLife.com
- Nawawi.org. The Nawawi Foundation 'was born out of a need to provide relevant, meaningful Islamic teachings to America's growing first and second generation Muslims -- teachings firmly rooted in authentic scholarship and taught in a way that is dynamic and applicable to the modern world.'
- The Noble Qur'an. Or the Koran.
Mythology
- God Checker [Godchecker.com]. 'We have more Gods than you can shake a stick at. Godchecker's Mythology Encyclopedia currently features over 2,000 deities.'
- LivingMyths.com. 'This site explores myths -- symbolic stories which have evolved orally, and which have guided and inspired humanity for thousands of years. We retell and comment on Celtic, Greek, Native American and Chinese mythology, showing that myths are still alive with the power of the collective unconscious. '
- MythFolklore.net
- MythWeb.com. Pretty kid friendly.
- Pantheon.org. Encyclopedia on mythology, folklore, and legend.
Norse, Ásatrú
- Source texts
  - The Elder Eddas of Saemund Sigfusson. Tr. from the original Old Norse text into English by Benjamin Thorpe, and The Younger Eddas Snorre Sturleson. Tr. from the original Old Norse text into English by I.A. Blackwell. Hon. Rasmus B. Anderson, LL. D., editor in chief. J.W. Buel, PH. D., managing editor. Edda Sæmundar. Series: Norroena, the history and romance of northern Europe: A library of supreme classics printed in complete form: Viking edition. London: Norroena Society, 1906. fax.libs.uga.edu/PT7234xE211/
- Miscellany
  - Asatru-U.org.
    - 'Asatru-U develops and publishes Asatru (Germanic Heathen) courses for different kinds of students; for different levels of rigor and abstraction; and for directed and independent study. We operate loosely under the umbrella of the Reeves Hall of the Frigga's Web Association. Our discussion archives and drafts are on Yahoo! Groups.'
  - FriggasWeb.org.
    - 'Frigga's Web is an organization established to honor the goddess Frigga, one of the deities of the religion called Ásatrú, Heathenism, or Germanic/Teutonic Paganism.'
    - The Nine Noble Virtues For Kidss. 'Courage, Truth, Honor, Fidelity, Discipline, Hospitality, Industry, Self-Reliance, and Perseverance'
  - Northvegr Foundation [Northvegr.org]. 'Over 8500 Pages Dedicated to Bringing Knowledge and Understanding of Northern European pre-Christian History, Culture and Spiritual values.'
  - TheTroth.org
    - 'We in the Troth practice the Germanic/Norse religion of Heathenry, commonly referred to as Asatru. We realize that there are many variations, names, and practices in Germanic Heathenry, including Theodism, Irminism, Odinism, and Anglo-Saxon Heathenry. What we all share is a defining personal loyalty to, or Troth with, the Gods and Goddesses of the Northlands. Our Gods are of two tribes: the Æsir, and the Vanir. These Gods are: Odin, Thor, Frigga, Frey, Freya,Tyr, Idunna, and many others. We are deeply proud of our Norse/Germanic religious, cultural, and historical heritage. We welcome all, whatever their religious background, who have heard the call of our Gods, and would like to know more about Germanic/Norse Heathenry. Together, we seek to practice the moral principles followed by our noble predecessors, including: Boldness Truth Honor Troth Self-Rule Hospitality Industry Self-Reliance Steadfastness Equality Strength Wisdom Generosity Family Responsibility'
    - Gods, Goddesses, and Useful Mythic Vocabulary of the Troth
    - What is Asatru?
    - An Introduction to the Troth
    - Rites and Ways of the Troth

Miscellany

Adherents.com. 'a growing collection of over 43,870 adherent statistics and religious geography citations: references to published membership/adherent statistics and congregation statistics for over 4,200 religions, churches, denominations, religious bodies, faith groups, tribes, cultures, movements, ultimate concerns, etc. The religions of the world are enumerated here.'
AltReligion.About.com
BeliefNet.com. Their jokes are actually pretty good. Many message boards on a wide array of religions.
- Belief-O-Matic.
  - A quick 20-question self-quiz about religious beliefs. The result ranks 27 faiths in descending order of agreement with you beliefs.
  - Here are the result of my test [2004-08-06]: '1. Liberal Quakers (100%) 2. Unitarian Universalism (99%) 3. Mainline to Liberal Christian Protestants (97 4. Secular Humanism (89%) 5. Neo-Pagan (85%) 6. Bah´'í Faith (80%) 7. Taoism (75%) 8. Mahayana Buddhism (73%) 9. New Age (72%) 10. Theravada Buddhism (68%) 11. Nontheist (66%) 12. Christian Science (Church of Christ, Scientist) (65%) 13. Reform Judaism (63%) 14. New Thought (58%) 15. Orthodox Quaker (58%) 16. Scientology (53%) 17. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) (52%) 18. Sikhism (47%) 19. Mainline to Conservative Christian/Protestant (46%) 20. Jainism (41%) 21. Hinduism (38%) 22. Islam (32%) 23. Orthodox Judaism (32%) 24. Jehovah's Witness (26%) 25. Seventh Day Adventist (26%) 26. Eastern Orthodox (23%) 27. Roman Catholic (23%)'
  - It is fascinating that I correlate to Roman Catholicism the least considering that I was raised Catholic.
Comparative-Religion.com. 'This site is devoted to bringing to one place on the internet the key books and writings of human spiritual and religious thought. Covering the major world religions of the world, alternative spiritual systems, and ancient mythologies, this is an ever expanding work in the making.'
Ealdriht.org. 'Thaet Angelseaxisce Ealdriht or Anglo-Saxon Eldright (as it is called in modern English) is a "tribal" confederation dedicated to the study and practice of the pre-Christian religion of the Germanic tribes that migrated from continental Europe to Great Britain in the fourth through sixth centuries. As such it is related to the modern religious movement known as Asatru and a part of Germanic Heathenry. The Ealdriht is also a form of Þéodisc Geléafa (Theodisc Geleafa or Theodish Belief as some call it); the "belief of the tribe." Two thousand years ago had someone asked a Germanic tribesman what their faith was, they would have explained their religion as the belief of the folk or tribe.'
"Faith in the Game" disenchanted.com/dis/technology/game.html]. Comments at metafilter.com/mefi/27903. A game invoking Richard Feynman and reductionism.

Mega Religions. Secular ethics will have to be further developed to establish global laws and cooperation.

Mega Religion	Practitioners (millions)	Notes (Ref: NationalGeographic.com 2002-01)
Christianity	2,000
Islam	1,300	83% Sunni, 16% Shiite, 1% Other.
Hinduism	900
Buddhism	360

Fundies Say The Darndest Things! [fstdt.com]. Funny but terribly sad too. I can understand how children might believe in Santa Claus for a while.
Religion-OnLine.org. 'More than 5,200 articles and chapters. Topics include Old and New Testament, Theology, Ethics, History and Sociology of Religion, Communication and Cultural Studies, Pastoral Care, Counseling, Homiletics, Worship, Missions and Religious Education.'
ReligiousMovements.lib.virginia.edu. "provides a foundation for understanding how religious groups emerge, grow, stagnate, reinvigorate themselves, and sometimes die."
ReligiousTolerance.org. 'Our site mandate: "To promote religious tolerance and freedom. To describe religious faiths in all their diversity. To describe controversial topics from all points of view." Our two mottos: "Study of the world's religions will lead to an understanding of religious diversity. Understanding will lead to inter-religious dialogue. Dialogue will lead to peace among religions. Peace among religions will lead to peace among nations." "Whenever someone deviates from reality, others usually get hurt."
- Parallels between the story of Jesus and Osiris-Dionysus
- Spring Equinox Celebrations
Sacred-Texts.com. 'This site is a freely available archive of electronic texts about religion, mythology, legends and folklore, and occult and esoteric topics. Texts are presented in English translation and, in some cases, in the original language.'
SourceryForge.org. A wiki for wikkans! Actually its a wiki for esoteric subjects.
Speaking of Faith [SpeakingOfFaith.org]. 'Public radio's national conversation about belief, meaning, ethics, and ideas.'
The Great God Hoax. Hehe.
"The Major World Religions" [omsakthi.org/religions.html]
The Witches' Voice [witchvox.com]
TheocracyWatch.org. "The Rise of the Religious Right in the Republican Party"

Naturalism

Keywords: Age of Enlightenment, Age of Reason, Agnostic, Agnosticism, Atheism, Atheist, Bright, Freethinkers, Humanism, Humanist, Naturalism, Naturalist, Secular, Secularism, Secularist, Antitheism, Antiteistic, Nontheism, Nontheistic, Ignosticism, Irreligion, Irreligious, Skeptic, Skepticism, Empiricism
Texts. You can find many articles on this topic by different people.
- Age of Reason (1794). By Thomas Paine.
- "An Atheist Manifesto" [truthdig.com/dig/item/200512_an_atheist_manifesto]. By Sam Harris.
- "Freethought Revival"
  - 'Susan Jacoby dissects the history of secularism in the U.S., and argues the time is right for a new secular hero.'
  - Very good. There is clearly a need to define terms (such as freethinker, agnostic, atheist, deist, orthodox, secular, religious, right, etc.) and be aware how they are used or abused in different contexts.
- Is Religion 'Built Upon Lies'? [http://www.beliefnet.com/story/209/story_20904_1.html]. Sam Harris and Andrew Sullivan blogalogue over "faith".
- "Why I am an atheist" [ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/why_atheist.html]. By Ram Samudrala.
- Why I am not a Christian (1927). By Bertrand Russell.
- "The Church of the Non-Believers " [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.11/atheism_pr.html]. By Gary Wolf.
Wikipedia
Miscellany
- American Humanist Association [americanhumanist.org]. 'Humanism is a progressive philosophy of life that, without supernaturalism, affirms our ability and responsibility to lead ethical lives of personal fulfillment that aspire to the greater good of humanity.'
- America's Freethinking Tradition. By PBS.
- Atheists.org. "the premier organization laboring for the civil liberties of Atheists, and the total, absolute separation of government and religion."
  - Flashline. Atheist news stories.
- Atheism.About.com
- BrightRights.org
- Camp-Quest.com. 'the first residential summer camp in the history of the United States for the children of Atheists, Freethinkers, Secular Humanists, Humanists, Brights, or whatever other terms might be applied to those who hold to a naturalistic, not supernatural, world view. All children ages 8 to 17 are invited to enroll. '
- CelebAtheists.com.
- Das Tao Te Ching von Lao Tse [home.pages.at/onkellotus/TTK/_IndexTTK.html]. The Tao Te Ching in multiple languages, including the Tao Te Ching by Lao Tse in English.
- Ethical Atheist [ethicalatheist.com]. 'Your Commercial-Free Resource for Atheism, Ethics, Science and Education'
- Evil Atheist Conspiracy. Humor site on atheism.
  - How to be a Bible Apologist
- Freedom From Religion Foundation [FFRF.org]. 'Our national association of nontheists has been working since 1978 to promote freethought and defend the constitutional principle of the separation of state and church.'
- Humanists.net
- HumanistStudies.org. "The Institute for Humanist Studies promotes nonreligious perspectives on social, political, and ethical issues and serves as a resource for and about the humanist community".
- Infidels.org. 'The Secular Web is published by the Internet Infidels, an organization of unpaid volunteers dedicated to the growth and maintenance of the most comprehensive freethought website on the Internet.'
- http://pages.ca.inter.net/~oblio/home.htm. "Historical Jesus or Jesus Myth: The Jesus Puzzle".
- PositiveAtheism.org.
- RichardDawkins.net. By Richard Dawkins, author of The God Delusion (2006).
- Secular.org. I hope they don't insist on calling themselves the SCA (Secular Coalition for America) since that will have a lot of branding confusion with the SCA (Society of Creative Anachronisms) of SCA.org.
- SecularHumanism.org
- Secular Seasons [secularseasons.org]
- SecularStudents.org
- The-Brights.net.
  - 'The naturalistic worldview is insufficiently expressed within most cultures.'
  - 'A bright is a person who has a naturalistic worldview, free of supernatural and mystical elements.'

Nothingness

People

Rhetoric

'In most persuasive conversations an effective way to persuade someone is to first listen to their concerns. What issues are most important to the person you are talking to? Once you understand this person's concerns and the values you share, you'll be better able to show them why they should vote for change. People who feel listened to are more apt to be receptive to your point of view.'

Become an Objectivist in Ten Easy Steps (with illustrations). The responses are pretty funny too. See Ayn Rand's floating head.
Charles [Miller]'s Rules of Arguments
ClassicPersuasion.org. "Peitho's Web: Classic Rhetoric & Persuasion"
Conversational Terrorism and Conversational Terrorism. I found the former first but VanDruff's list was the original.
Logical Rudeness.
Rhetoric [W]
UKY.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/rhetoric.html.
Wingnut Debate Dictionary

Skepticism

Wikipedia
- Philosophical skepticism
- Scientific skepticism
Miscellany
- Mind Surf with the Skeptic.
- SkepDic.com. The Skeptic's Dictionary.
  - 'Featuring nearly 400 definitions, arguments, and essays on occult topics ranging from acupuncture to zombies, The Skeptic's Dictionary is a lively, commonsense trove of detailed information on all things supernatural, paranormal, and pseudoscientific.'
  - logic & perception
- Skeptic.com.

Miscellany

Church of Virus. "Virus is a collection of mutually-supporting ideas (a meme-complex) encompassing philosophy, science, technology, politics, and religion."
CrystaLinks.com. 'Ellie Crystal's Metaphysical and Science Website'
Cult [W]. 'In religion and sociology, a cult is a cohesive group of people (often a relatively small and recently founded religious movement) devoted to beliefs or practices that the surrounding culture or society considers to be far outside the mainstream. Its separate status may come about either due to its novel belief system, because of its idiosyncratic practices or because it opposes the interests of the mainstream culture. Other non-religious groups may also display cult-like characteristics.'
Culture and Ethnicity in Philosophy [pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~janzb/philcult/]. 'This site gathers resources relevant to the philosophical study of culture and ethnicity. Included here are links to philosophy in specific cultures, philosophical anthropology, and cross-cultural and intercultural philosophy. This is not a page dealing with philosophy in Western culture, for the most part, except inasmuch as that philosophy is expressed in cultural or ethnic terms.'
DeathOnline.net. 'Throughout the world, death and the rituals that surround it are steeped in taboos. Death is celebrated, embraced and feared. Around death and the dead, cultures put in place diverse restrictions and practices associated with clothing, food and ritual. This website explores what happens to us when we die and the different ways we deal with death.'
Dennis's Web Site. By Dennis J. Halnon. A number of personal explorations into history and philosophy.
Edge.org. "The mandate of Edge Foundation is to promote inquiry into and discussion of intellectual, philosophical, artistic, and literary issues, as well as to work for the intellectual and social achievement of society".
Friesan.com.
- 'Taking up again the tradition of the Friesian School, this is a non-peer-reviewed electronic journal and archive of philosophy, inaugurated on line July 6, 1996, four years before the end of the 20th Century, just as the brilliant, courageous, prolific, and little appreciated German philosopher Leonard Nelson (1882-1927) started his Abhandlungen der Fries'schen Schule, Neue Folge, attempting a "Reformation of Philosophy," four years after the beginning of the 20th Century. The essays at this site, addressing many philosophical, historical, scientific, religious, economic, legal, and political issues, range from the fully annotated and technical to more informal and discursive discussions, often originally written for undergraduate classes. Many items therefore should be intelligible to those not familiar with all the arcana of academic philosophy, or with academic philosophy at all. This is done deliberately, since the trend, by which philosophy has obscured and esotericized itself and mostly dropped out of popular and literate culture, should be resisted. Work of a similar range, with the appropriate philosophical orientation and grounding, is acceptable and desired. '
- Elements
- Ethics
- Gender
- History of Philosophy
- Psychological Types
- Yin Yang and the I Ching
Gambling with the devil
GodServer.com. 'Web's Largest Alternative Health and Spiritual Directory'
InnerSelf.com. Daily inspiration type of stuff.
ISIL.org. International Society for Individual Liberty. Libertarianism. "We are a network of individuals and associations in over 80 countries dedicated to building a free and peaceful world through the ideals of free markets, social tolerance and individual responsibility."
- Intro Animation
John Lenz's links:
- Ancient Greek History
- Classical Resources
Maslow's hierarchy of needs [W]. Proposed by Abraham Maslow in his paper A Theory of Human Motivation (1943). The needs from the four lower "deficiency" physiological needs to the top upper "being" psychological need: Pysiological; Safety; Love/Belonging; Esteem; Self-Actualization; Self-Transcendence.
Meaning of life [W]
MeaningOfLife.tv. 'addresses big, cosmic questions (Is the universe imbued with purpose? Does life have meaning even if the universe isn't imbued with purpose?) as well as some littler, but still significant questions (How do you keep from going crazy in the modern world?). I've gone around asking scientists, social scientists, philosophers, and theologians such questions, and the [video] results are here for you to see.'
MeditationProject.com.
Nautis.com. 'The Nautis Project is an exploration into the work of Rupert Sheldrake, C.G. Jung, Joseph Campbell, and Henri Bergson. Each of these intellectuals offers a view of the natural and life sciences that converge in a concept that Bergson called creative evolution.'
Principia Cybernetica Web.
Ratical.org. "the electronic manifestation of rat haus reality press, dedicated to promulgating and promoting life-nurturing activities and awarenesses regarding this "home" we all share and are all responsible for, not simply for the seventh generation of humankind yet unborn, but for all life germinated and nourished by Gaia. the human transition from an adolescent, "industrial-mind" value system, based only on asking the question, is it POSSIBLE?, to Gaia- sustaining and promoting practices and explorations which must ask the question, is it APPROPRIATE? is the only possible future of human activity on this earth. without taking responsibility for everything we participate in here, we condemn to premature termination the exquisite eons of life exploring itself in this dimension."
Reactor Core [reactor-core.org]. 'Alternative Food · Alternative Health · Alternative Thought'
Responsible Thinking [TruthPizza.org]. 'An investigation into critical thinking, the methods of science, and the problem of false beliefs.'
SecretMind.com. By Fred Levin. On psychotherapy.
Sniggle.net. 'The culture jammers encyclopedia ... Sniggle.net was born years ago as a single index page hosted at The Lycæum with the filling yet informative title of Trolls, Hoaxes, Culture Jamming, Poetic Terrorism, Media Hacks, Frauds, Impostors, Spoofs, Counterfeits, Fakes, Pranks, Scams, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.'
Wakeup Laughing Productions [wakeuplaughing.com]. Featuring Swami Beyondananda. 'At last! An effective treatment for Irony Deficiency, Truth Decay and the lingering symptoms of Mad Cowboy Disease!' Religious and political humor. Mad with puns.
Yoga of Sri Chinmoy [YogaOfSriChinmoy.com]

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