Charts
TAGS: ASCII, Character Set, Encoding, Programming, TECH, Text, Unicode, UTF
Charts for frequently used characters.
- Cheat sheet
- U+0000 to U+007F; C0 Controls and Basic Latin; ASCII;
- U+0080 to U+00FF; C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement;
- U+0370 to U+03FF: Greek and Coptic;
- Other symbols with CERs
- Unicode code blocks
- Notes
Cheat sheet
Clicking on the left image will return either the CER (Character Entity Reference) or the decimal NCR (Numeric Character Reference) for the character clicked.
- The five official CERs for XML/XHTML (<, >, &, ", and ') are clickable too.
- HTML encoded as ASCII will need everything above x80 encoded.
- HTML encoded as UTF-8 will need everything above x80 encoded in order to store as single byte characters.
- HTML encoded as iso-8859-1 (ISO Latin 1) will need x80 to x159 encoded. Those code points are also marked with TT.
- HTML encoded as windows-1252 will not need to be encoded.
Next to the image are all the printable windows-1252 characters, with the characters not in iso-8859-1 (xA0 = 128 to x9F = 159) in blue.
!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?
@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_
`abcdefghijklmno
pqrstuvwxyz{|}~
€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ
‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ
¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯
°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿
ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
áâãäåæçèéêëìíîï
ðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ
The next image is Mac OS Roman (Aka x-mac-roman). 'The Apple Standard Roman character set is the 1-byte character encoding for the Roman script system. It is the fundamental character set for the Macintosh computer, and is built into every Macintosh throughout the world.' -http://developer.apple.com/documentation/mac/Text/Text-30.html#HEADING30-9. For characters x00 = 0 to x7F = 127, the Mac character set is ASCII —just like windows-1252, ISO-8859-1, and Unicode. But for characters x80 = 128 to xFF = 255, Mac is arranged completely different from windows-1252, ISO-ISO-8859-1, and Unicode, but it is also a superset of ISO-8859-1.
Here are a few notable characters from Mac OS Roman:
- Before Mac OS 8.5, code point xDB was mapped to ¤ (¤ = ¤ = CURRENCY SIGN = ¤), but is now € (€ = € = EURO SIGN = €).
- ⌘ (⌘ = ⌘ = command key).
- ⌥ (⌥ = ⌥ = option key).
- ( =  = Apple logo. This is actually in the Unicode private use only area so if your system isn't a Mac, then it may not show the Apple logo.).
Here is an excellent chart showing the differences between windows-1252 and and x-mac-roman (via www1.tip.nl/~t876506/charsets.html):
U+0000 to U+007F; C0 Controls and Basic Latin; ASCII;
U+000 to U+007F (C0 Controls and Basic Latin) is the first code block in Unicode and it is exactly the same as ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, aka ANSI_X3.4-1968; ANSI_X3.4-1986; cp367; csASCII; ISO646-US; ISO_646.irv:1991; iso-ir-6; # IBM367; us; us-ascii;). ASCII is a SBCS (Single Byte Character Set) that uses 7 out of the 8 bits of a byte (x0 to x7F = 0 to 127) to make 128 code points (since 27). The 8th bit was used for parity checking or for anything an application wanted to do with it. These days the 8th bit is usually used to add 128 more code points (since 28 = 256). Most of the prevalent character sets such as ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1) or Windows 1252 are superset of ASCII and are aka "high ASCII".
The first 32 code points of this block (x0000 to x001F = 0 to 31) are control characters. Control characters are non-printing and were originally used for typewriter like actions (EGs: tab, bell), in the days of mechanical terminals like Teletype. Since then some of the non-printing characters have been re-interpreted for use on video displays or for other more funky uses.
The 26 letters of the Latin alphabet:
- Capital letters: A = A = A to Z = Z = Z.
- Small letters: a = a = a to z = z = z.
- The difference between a capital letter and its corresponding small letters is x10 = 32.
| 000- | 001- | 002- | 003- | 004- | 005- | 006- | 007- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | NUL x0000 = 0 NULL PROMPT CTRL+@ CTRL+0 in SQL Server \0 |
DLE x0010 = 16 DATA LINK ESCAPE CTRL+P |
H H   =   SPACE The escape for spaces in URIs is %20 or +.Not the same as xA0. |
0 0 = 0 DIGIT ZERO |
@ @ = @ COMMERCIAL AT %32 |
P P = P LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P |
` ` = ` GRAVE ACCENT Not in C |
p p = p LATIN SMALL LETTER P |
| 1 | SOH x0001 = 1 START OF HEADING CTRL+A |
DC1 x0011 = 17 DEVICE CONTROL 1 CTRL+Q |
! ! = ! EXCLAMATION POINT |
1 1 = 1 DIGIT ONE |
A A = A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A |
Q Q = Q LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q |
a a = a LATIN SMALL LETTER A |
q q = q LATIN SMALL LETTER Q |
| 2 | STX x0002 = 2 START OF TEXT CTRL+B |
DC2 x0012 = 18 DEVICE CONTROL 2 CTRL+R |
" " = " QUOTATION MARK " (XML) (trivial) \" |
2 2 = 2 DIGIT TWO |
B B = B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B |
R R = R LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R |
b b = b LATIN SMALL LETTER B |
r r = r LATIN SMALL LETTER R |
| 3 | ETX x0003 = 3 END OF TEXT CTRL+C |
DC3 x0013 = 19 DEVICE CONTROL 3 CTRL+S |
# # = # NUMBER SIGN %23 URI bookmark |
3 3 = 3 DIGIT THREE |
C C = C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C |
S S = S LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S |
c c = c LATIN SMALL LETTER C |
s s = s LATIN SMALL LETTER S |
| 4 | EOT x0004 = 4 END OF TRANSMISSION CTRL+D |
DC4 x0014 = 20 DEVICE CONTROL 4 CTRL+T |
$ $ = $ DOLLAR SIGN %24 |
4 4 = 4 DIGIT FOUR |
D D = D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D |
T T = T LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T |
d d = d LATIN SMALL LETTER D |
t t = t LATIN SMALL LETTER T |
| 5 | ENQ x0005 = 5 ENQUIRY CTRL+E |
NAK x0015 = 21 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CTRL+U |
% % = % PERCENT SIGN %25 |
5 5 = 5 DIGIT FIVE |
E E = E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E |
U U = U LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U |
e e = e LATIN SMALL LETTER E |
u u = u LATIN SMALL LETTER U |
| 6 | ACK x0006 = 6 ACKNOWLEDGE CTRL+F |
SYN x0016 = 22 SYNCHRONOUS IDLE CTRL+V |
& & = & AMPERSAND & (XML) %26 URI parameter delimeter |
6 6 = 6 DIGIT SIX |
F F = F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F |
V V = V LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V |
f f = f LATIN SMALL LETTER F |
v v = v LATIN SMALL LETTER V |
| 7 | BEL x0007 = 7 BELL CTRL+G |
ETB x0017 = 23 END TRANSMISSION BLOCK CTRL+W |
' ' = ' APOSTROPHE ' (XML but not HTML) \' |
7 7 = 7 DIGIT SEVEN |
G G = G LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G |
W W = W LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W |
g g = g LATIN SMALL LETTER G |
w w = w LATIN SMALL LETTER W |
| 8 | BS x0008 = 8 BACKSPACE CTRL+H \b |
CAN x0018 = 24 CANCEL CTRL+X |
( ( = ( LEFT PARENTHESIS |
8 8 = 8 DIGIT EIGHT |
H H = H LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H |
X X = X LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X |
h h = h LATIN SMALL LETTER H |
x x = x LATIN SMALL LETTER X |
| 9 | HT x0009 = 9 HORIZONTAL TAB CTRL+I \t |
EM x0019 = 25 END OF MEDIUM CTRL+Y |
) ) = ) RIGHT PARENTHESIS |
9 9 = 9 DIGIT NINE |
I I = I LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I |
Y Y = Y LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y |
i i = i LATIN SMALL LETTER I |
y y = y LATIN SMALL LETTER Y |
| A | LF x000A = 10 LINE FEED NL=NEW LINE EOL=END OF LINE CTRL+J EOL in Unix \n |
SUB x001A = 26 SUBSTITUTE CTRL+Z |
* * = * ASTERISK |
: : = : COLON %3A |
J J = J LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J |
Z Z = Z LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z |
j j = j LATIN SMALL LETTER J |
z z = z LATIN SMALL LETTER Z |
| B | VT x000B = 11 VERTICAL TAB CTRL+K \v |
ESC x001B = 27 ESCAPE CTRL+[ \e |
+ + = + PLUS SIGN Acts as space in URIs. %31 |
; ; = ; SEMICOLON %3B |
K K = K LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K |
[ [ = [ LEFT SQUARE BRACKET |
k k = k LATIN SMALL LETTER J |
{ { = { LEFT CURLY BRACKET |
| C | NP x000C = 12 NEW PAGE FF=FORM FEED CTRL+L \f |
FS x001C = 28 FILE SEPARATOR IS4=INFO SEPARATOR 4 CTRL+\ |
, , = , COMMA %32 |
< < = < LESS THAN SIGN < (XML) |
L L = L LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L |
\ \ = \ REVERSE SOLIDUS BACKSLASH |
l l = l LATIN SMALL LETTER L |
| | = | VERTICAL LINE VERTICAL BAR |
| D | CR x000D = 13 CARRIAGE RETURN CTRL+M \r=Mac EOL (Win EOL=\r\n) |
GS x001D = 29 GROUP SEPARATOR IS3=INFO SEPARATOR 3 CTRL+] |
- - = - HYPHEN OR MINUS |
= = = = EQUALS SIGN %3D |
M M = M LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M |
] ] = ] RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET |
m m = m LATIN SMALL LETTER M |
} } = } RIGHT CURLY BRACKET |
| E | SO x000E = 14 SHIFT OUT CTRL+N |
RS x001E = 30 RECORD SEPARATOR IS2=INFO SEPARATOR 2 CTRL+^ |
. . = . FULL STOP PERIOD |
> > = > GREATER THAN SIGN > (XML) |
N N = N LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N |
^ ^ = ^ CIRCUMFLEX ˆ |
n n = n LATIN SMALL LETTER N |
~ ~ = ~ TILDE (See x02DC) |
| F | SI x000F = 15 SHIFT IN CTRL+O |
US x001F = 31 UNIT SEPARATOR IS1=INFO SEPARATOR 1 CTRL+_ |
/ / = / SOLIDUS SLASH %2F |
? ? = ? QUESTION MARK %3F Starts query string |
O O = O LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O |
_ _ = _ LOW LINE SPACING UNDERSCORE |
o o = o LATIN SMALL LETTER O |
DEL x007F; = 127 DELETE |
| 000- | 001- | 002- | 003- | 004- | 005- | 006- | 007- |
U+0080 to U+00FF; C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement;
U+0080 to U+00FF (C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement) is the second code block in Unicode. This code block based upon the latter half of ISO Latin 1 (iso-8859-1 but aka: Western European (ISO); ANSI_X3.4-1968; ANSI_X3.4-1986; ascii; cp367; cp819; csASCII; IBM367; ibm819; iso-ir-100; iso-ir-6; ISO646-US; iso8859-1; ISO_646.irv:1991; iso_8859-1; iso_8859-1:1987; latin1; us; us-ascii; x-ansi; ISO Latin-1). In Unicode and ISO Latin 1, the first 32 code points of this block (x0080 to x009F) are control characters. Windows 1252 (aka: Western European (Windows); windows-1252; US/Western European; Western; Microsoft Latin-1; Windows Latin-1; CP 1252), is another common character set and is just like ISO Latin 1, except that some of the first 32 code points are used for characters that occur later on in Unicode.
Windows uses ALT with the 4 digit decimal values on the numeric keypad (as opposed to the numbers above the letters) as a keyboard shortcut for entering the characters. EG: ALT+0165 yields a Yen symbol (¥) for its Windows ANSI character, but ALT+165 yields a capital N with tilde (Ñ) for its ECS character. See also Shortcuts.
| 008- | 009- | 00A- | 00B- | 00C- | 00D- | 00E- | 00F- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | XXX x0080 = 128 € |
DCS x0090 = 144 DEVICE CONTROL STRING |
H H   =   NO-BREAK SPACE NBSP |
° ° = ° DEGREE SIGN ° ALTGR+SHIFT+; |
À À = À LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE À OPT+', then SHIFT+A ` then SHIFT+A |
Ð Ð = Ð LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH Ð ALTGR+SHIFT+D |
à à = à LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE à OPT+', then A ` then A |
ð ð = ð LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH ð ALTGR+D |
| 1 | XXX x0081 = 129 |
PU1 x0091 = 145 PRIVATE USE 1 ‘ |
¡ ¡ = ¡ INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK ¡ OPT+1 ALTGR+1 |
± ± = ± PLUS-MINUS SIGN ± |
Á Á = Á LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE Á OPT+E, then SHIFT+A ALTGR+SHIFT+A ' then SHIFT+A |
Ñ Ñ = Ñ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE Ñ OPT+N, then SHIFT+N ALTGR+SHIFT+N ~ then SHIFT+N |
á á = á LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE á OPT+E, then A ALTGR+A ' then A |
ñ ñ = ñ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE ñ OPT+N, then N ALTGR+N ~ then N |
| 2 | BPH x0082 = 130 ‚ |
PU2 x0092 = 146 PRIVATE USE 2 ’ |
¢ ¢ = ¢ CENT SIGN ¢ ALTGR+SHIFT+C |
² ² = ² SUPERSCRIPT TWO ² ALTGR+2 |
  =  LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX  OPT+I, then SHIFT+A ^ then SHIFT+A |
Ò Ò = Ò LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE Ò OPT+', then SHIFT+O `+SHIFT+O |
â â = â LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX â OPT+I, then A ^ then A |
ò ò = ò LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE ò OPT+', then O `+O |
| 3 | NBH x0083 = 131 NO BREAK HERE ƒ |
STS x0093 = 147 SET TRANSMIT STATE “ |
£ £ = £ POUND SIGN £ ALTGR+SHIFT+4 |
³ ³ = ³ SUPERSCRIPT THREE ³ ALTGR+3 |
à à = à LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE à OPT+N, then SHIFT+A ~ then SHIFT+A |
Ó Ó = Ó LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE Ó OPT+E, then SHIFT+O ALTGR+SHIFT+O ' then SHIFT+O |
ã ã = ã LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE ã OPT+N, then A ~ then A |
ó ó = ó LATIN SMALLLETTER O WITH ACUTE ó OPT+E, then O ALTGR+O ' then O |
| 4 | IND x0084 = 132 „ |
CCH x0094 = 148 CANCEL CHARACTER ” |
¤ ¤ = ¤ CURRENCY SIGN ¤ ALTGR+4 |
´ ´ = ´ ACCUTE ACCENT ´ ALTGR+' |
Ä Ä = Ä LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS Ä OPT+U, then SHIFT+A ALTGR+SHIFT+Q " then SHIFT+A |
Ô Ô = Ô LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ô OPT+I, then SHIFT+O ^ then SHIFT+O |
ä ä = ä LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS ä OPT+U, then A ALTGR+Q " then A |
ô ô = ô LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX ô OPT+I, then O ^ then O |
| 5 | NEL x0085 = 133 … |
MW x0095 = 149 MESSAGE WAITING • |
¥ ¥ = ¥ YEN SIGN ¥ ALTGR+- |
µ µ = µ MICRON SIGN µ ALTGR+M |
Å Å = Å LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE Å OPT+SHIFT+A ALTGR+SHIFT+W |
Õ Õ = Õ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WITH TILDE Ã OPT+N, then SHIFT+O ~ then SHIFT+O |
å å = å LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE å OPT+A ALTGR+W |
õ õ = õ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE õ OPT+N, then O ~ then O |
| 6 | SSA x0086 = 134 START OF SELECTED AREA † |
SPA x0096 = 150 START OF GUARDED AREA – |
¦ ¦ = ¦ BROKEN BAR BROKEN VERTICAL BAR ¦ ALTGR+SHIFT+\ |
¶ ¶ = ¶ PILCROW SIGN PARAGRAPH SIGN ¶ ALTGR+; |
Æ Æ = Æ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AE Æ OPT+" ALTGR+SHIFT+Z |
Ö Ö = Ö LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS Ö OPT+U, then SHIFT+O ALTGR+SHIFT+P " then SHIFT+O |
æ æ = æ LATIN SMALL LETTER AE LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AE æ OPT+' ALTGR+Z |
ö ö = ö LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS ö OPT+U, then O ALTGR+P " then O |
| 7 | ESA x0087 = 135 END OF SELECTED AREA ‡ |
EPA x0097 = 151 END OF GUARDED AREA — |
§ § = § SECTION SIGN § ALTGR+SHIFT+S |
· · = · MIDDLE DOT · |
Ç Ç = Ç LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA Ç OPT+SHIFT+C ALTGR+SHIFT+, ' then SHIFT+C |
× × = × MULTIPLICATION SIGN × ALTGR+= |
ç ç = ç LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA ç OPT+C ALTGR+, ' then C |
÷ ÷ = ÷ DIVISION SIGN ÷ OPT+/ |
| 8 | HTS x0088 = 136 CHARACTER TABULATION SET ˆ |
SOS x0098 = 152 START OF STRING ˜ |
¨ ¨ = ¨ DIAERESIS ¨ ALTGR+SHIFT+" |
¸ ¸ = ¸ CEDILLA ¸ |
È È = È LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE È OPT+', then SHIFT+E ` then SHIFT+E |
Ø Ø = Ø LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O SLASH Ø ALTGR+SHIFT+L |
è è = è LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE è OPT+', then E ` then E |
ø ø = ø LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE LATIN SMALL LETTER O SLASH ø ALTGR+L |
| 9 | HTJ x0089 = 137 CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION ‰ |
XXX x0099 = 153 ™ |
© © = © COPYRIGHT SIGN © OPT+G |
¹ ¹ = ¹ SUPERSCRIPT ONE ¹ |
É É = É LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE É OPT+E, then SHIFT+E ALTGR+SHIFT+E ' then SHIFT+E |
Ù Ù = Ù LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE Ù OPT+', then SHIFT+U ` then SHIFT+U |
é é = é LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE é OPT+E, then E ALTGR+E ' then E |
ù ù = ù LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE ù OPT+', then U ` then U |
| A | VTS x008A = 138 LINE TABULATION SET Š |
SCI x009A = 154 SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER š |
ª ª = ª FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR ª |
º º =º MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR º |
Ê Ê = Ê LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ê OPT+I, then SHIFT+E ^ then SHIFT+E |
Ú Ú = Ú LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE Ú OPT+E, then SHIFT+U ALTGR+SHIFT+U ' then SHIFT+U |
ê ê = ê LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX ê OPT+I, then E ^ then E |
ú ú = ú LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE ú OPT+E, then U ALTGR+U ' then U |
| B | PLD x008B = 139 PARTIAL LINE FORWARD ‹ |
CSI x009B = 155 CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER › |
« « = « LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK LEFT POINTING GUILLEMET « |
» » = » RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK RIGHT POINTING GUILLEMET » ALTGR+] |
Ë Ë = Ë LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS Ë OPT+U, then SHIFT+E " then SHIFT+E |
Û Û = Û LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX Û OPT+I, then SHIFT+U ^ then SHIFT+U |
ë ë = ë LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS ë OPT+U, then E " then E |
û û = û LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX û OPT+I, then U ^ then U |
| C | PLU x008C = 140 PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD Π|
ST x009C = 156 STRING TERMINATOR œ |
¬ ¬ = ¬ NOT SIGN ¬ ALTGR+\ |
¼ ¼ = ¼ VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER ¼ ALTGR+6 |
Ì Ì = Ì LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE Ì OPT+', then SHIFT+I ` then SHIFT+I |
Ü Ü = Ü LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS Ü OPT+U, then SHIFT+U ALTGR+SHIFT+Y " then SHIFT+U |
ì ì = ì LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE ì OPT+', then I ` then I |
ü ü = ü LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS ü OPT+U, then U ALTGR+Y " then U |
| D | RI x008D = 141 REVERSE LINE FEED |
OSC x009D = 157 OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND |
SHY ­ = ­ SOFT HYPHEN SHY ­ |
½ ½ = ½ VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF ½ ALTGR+7 |
Í Í = Í LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE Í OPT+E, then SHIFT+I ALTGR+SHIFT+I ' then SHIFT+I |
Ý Ý = Ý LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE Ý OPT+E, then SHIFT+Y ' then SHIFT+Y |
í í = í LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE í OPT+E, then I ALTGR+I ' then I |
ý ý = ý LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE ý OPT+E, then Y ' then Y |
| E | SS2 x008E = 142 SINGLE SHIFT 2 Ž |
PM x009E = 158 PRIVACY MESSAGE ž |
® ® = ® REGISTERED SIGN REGISTERED TRADE MARK SIGN ® OPT+R |
¾ ¾ = ¾ VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS ¾ ALTGR+8 |
Î Î = Î LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX Î OPT+I, then SHIFT+I ^ then SHIFT+I |
Þ Þ = Þ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN Þ ALTGR+SHIFT+T |
î î = î LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX î OPT+I, then I ^ then I |
þ þ = þ LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN þ ALTGR+T |
| F | SS3 x008F = 143 SINGLE SHIFT 3 |
APC x009F = 159 APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND Ÿ Ÿ = Ÿ LATIN CAPITAL LETTERY WITH DIAERESIS Ÿ ALT+0159 OPT+U, then Y |
¯ ¯ = ¯ MACRON ¯ |
¿ ¿ = ¿ INVERTED QUESTION MARK ¿ OPT+SHIFT+? ALTGR+/ |
Ï Ï = Ï LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS Ï OPT+U, then SHIFT+I " then SHIFT+I |
ß ß = ß LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S ß ALTGR+S |
ï ï = ï LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS ï OPT+U, then I " then I |
ÿ ÿ =ÿ LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS ÿ OPT+U, then Y " then Y |
| 008- | 009- | 00A- | 00B- | 00C- | 00D- | 00E- | 00F- |
U+0370 to U+03FF: Greek and Coptic;
You may also want to see my section on Greek and Measurements.
The 24 letters of the Greek alphabet:
- Capital letters: Α = Α = Α = Α to Ω = Ω = Ω = Ω. Note: x03A2 is skipped.
- Small letters: α = α = α = α to ω = ω = ω = ω. Note: x03C2 is not one of the 24.
- The difference between a capital letter and its corresponding small letters is x10 = 32.
I am only showing the Greek symbols that have an official HTML CER.
| 037- | 038- | 039- | 03A- | 03B- | 03C- | 03D- | 03E- | 03F- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Π Π = Π GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI Π |
π π = π GREEK SMALL LETTER PI π |
|||||||
| 1 | Α Α = Α GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA Α |
Ρ Ρ = Π GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO Ρ |
α α = α GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA α |
ρ ρ = ρ GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO ρ |
ϑ ϑ = ϑ GREEK THETA SYMBOL GREEK SMALL LETTER SCRIPT THETA ϑ |
||||
| 2 | Β Β = Β GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA Β |
β β = β GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA β |
ς ς = ς GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA ς |
ϒ ϒ = ϒ GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON ϒ |
|||||
| 3 | Γ Γ = Γ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA Γ |
Σ Σ = Σ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA Σ |
γ γ = γ GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA γ |
σ σ = σ GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA σ |
|||||
| 4 | Δ Δ = Δ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA Δ |
Τ Τ = Τ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU Τ |
δ δ = δ GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA δ |
τ τ = τ GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU τ |
|||||
| 5 | Ε Ε = Ε GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON Ε |
Υ Σ = Υ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON Υ |
ε ε = ε GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON ε |
υ υ = υ GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON υ |
|||||
| 6 | Ζ Ζ = Ζ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA Ζ |
Φ Φ = Φ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI Φ |
ζ ζ = ζ GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA ζ |
φ φ = φ GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI φ |
ϖ ϖ = ϖ GREEK PI SYMBOL GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA PI ϖ |
||||
| 7 | Η Η = Η GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA Η |
Χ Χ = Χ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI Χ |
η η = η GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA η |
χ χ = χ GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI χ |
|||||
| 8 | Θ Θ = Θ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA Θ |
Ψ Ψ = Ψ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI Ψ |
θ θ = θ GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA θ |
ψ ψ = ψ GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI ψ |
|||||
| 9 | Ι Ι = Ι GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA Ι |
Ω Ω = Ω GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA Ω |
ι ι = ι GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA ι |
ω ω = ω GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA ω |
|||||
| A | Κ Κ = Κ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA Κ |
κ κ = κ GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA κ |
|||||||
| B | Λ Λ = Λ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMBDA Λ |
λ λ = λ GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMBDA λ |
|||||||
| C | Μ Μ = Μ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU Μ |
μ μ = μ GREEK SMALL LETTER MU μ |
|||||||
| D | Ν Ν = Ν GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU Ν |
ν ν = ν GREEK SMALL LETTER NU ν |
|||||||
| E | Ξ Ξ = Ξ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI Ξ |
ξ ξ = ξ GREEK SMALL LETTER XI ξ |
|||||||
| F | Ο Ο = Ο GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON Ο |
ο ο = ο GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON ο |
|||||||
| 037- | 038- | 039- | 03A- | 03B- | 03C- | 03D- | 03E- | 03F- |
Other symbols with CERs
| From U+2000 to U+206F; General Punctuation [Unicode.org/...]; | ||
|---|---|---|
| H H |   =   =   | EN SPACE |
| H H |   =   =   | EM SPACE |
| H H |   =   =   | THIN SPACE |
| HH | ‌ = ‌ = ‌ | ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER = ZWNJ ALT+0157? |
| HH | ‍ = ‍ = ‍ | ZERO WIDTH JOINER = ZWJ |
| HH | ‎ = ‎ = ‎ | LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK = LRM |
| HH | ‏ = ‏ = ‏ | RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK = RLM |
| ′ | ′ = ′ = ′ | PRIME |
| ″ | ″ = ″ = ″ | DOUBLE PRIME |
| ‾ | ‾ = ‾ = ‾ | OVERLINE = SPACING OVERSCORE |
| ⁄ | ⁄ = ⁄ = ⁄ | FRACTION SLASH |
| From U+2100 to U+214F; Letter-like Symbols [Unicode.org/...]; | ||
| ℑ | ℑ = ℑ = ℑ | BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I |
| ℘ | ℘ = ℘ = ℘ | SCRIPT CAPITAL P |
| ℜ | ℜ = ℜ = ℜ | BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R |
| ℵ | ℵ = ℵ = ℵ | ALEF SYMBOL |
| From U+2190 to U+21FF; Arrows [Unicode.org/...]; | ||
| ← | ← = ← = ← | LEFTWARDS ARROW |
| ↑ | ↑ = ↑ = ↑ | UPWARDS ARROW |
| → | → = → = → | RIGHTWARDS ARROW |
| ↓ | ↓ = ↓ = ↓ | DOWNWARDS ARROW |
| ↔ | ↔ = ↔ = ↔ | LEFT RIGHT ARROW |
| ↵ | ↵ = ↵ = ↵ | DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS |
| ⇐ | ⇐ = ⇐ = ⇐ | LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW |
| ⇑ | ⇑ = ⇑ = ⇑ | UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW |
| ⇒ | ⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ | RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW |
| ⇓ | ⇓ = ⇓ = ⇓ | DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW |
| ⇔ | ⇔ = ⇔ = ⇔ | LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW |
| From U+2200 to U+22FF; Mathematical Operators [Unicode.org/...]; | ||
| ∀ | ∀ = ∀ = ∀ | FOR ALL |
| ∂ | ∂ = ∂ = ∂ | PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL |
| ∃ | ∃ = ∃ = ∃ | THERE EXISTS |
| ∅ | ∅ = ∅ = ∅ | EMPTY SET |
| ∇ | ∇ = ∇ = ∇ | NABLA |
| ∈ | ∈ = ∈ = ∈ | ELEMENT OF |
| ∉ | ∉ = ∉ = ∉ | NOT AN ELEMENT OF |
| ∋ | ∋ = ∋ = ∋ | CONTAINS AS MEMBER |
| ∏ | ∏ = ∏ = ∏ | N-ARY PRODUCT |
| ∑ | ∑ = ∑ = ∑ | N-ARY SUMMATION |
| − | − = − = − | MINUS SIGN |
| ∗ | ∗ = ∗ = ∗ | ASTERISK OPERATOR |
| √ | √ = √ = √ | SQUARE ROOT |
| ∝ | ∝ = ∝ = ∝ | PROPORTIONAL TO |
| ∞ | ∞ = ∞ = ∞ | INFINITY |
| ∠ | ∠ = ∠ = ∠ | ANGLE |
| ∧ | ∧ = ∧ = ∧ | LOGICAL AND |
| ∨ | ∨ = ∨ = ∨ | LOGICAL OR |
| ∩ | ∩ = ∩ = ∩ | INTERSECTION |
| ∪ | ∪ = ∪ = ∪ | UNION |
| ∫ | ∫ = ∫ = ∫ | INTEGRAL |
| ∴ | ∴ = ∴ = ∴ | THEREFORE |
| ∼ | ∼ = ∼ = ∼ | TILDE OPERATOR |
| ≅ | ≅ = ≅ = ≅ | CONGRUENT TO |
| ≈ | ≈ = ≈ = ≈ | ALMOST EQUAL TO |
| ≠ | ≠ = ≠ = ≠ | NOT EQUAL TO |
| ≡ | ≡ = ≡ = ≡ | IDENTICAL TO |
| ≤ | ≤ = ≤ = ≤ | LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO |
| ≥ | ≥ = ≥ = ≥ | GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO |
| ⊂ | ⊂ = ⊂ = ⊂ | SUBSET OF |
| ⊃ | ⊃ = ⊃ = ⊃ | SUPERSET OF |
| ⊄ | ⊄ = ⊄ = ⊄ | NOT A SUBSET OF |
| ⊆ | ⊆ = ⊆ = ⊆ | SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO |
| ⊇ | ⊇ = ⊇ = ⊇ | SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO |
| ⊕ | ⊕ = ⊕ = ⊕ | CIRCLED PLUS |
| ⊗ | ⊗ = ⊗ = ⊗ | CIRCLED TIMES |
| ⊥ | ⊥ = ⊥ = ⊥ | UP TACK |
| ⋅ | ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅ | DOT OPERATOR |
| From U+2300 to U+23FF; Miscellaneous Technical [Unicode.org/...]; | ||
| ⌈ | ⌈ = ⌈ = ⌈ | LEFT CEILING |
| ⌉ | ⌉ = ⌉ = ⌉ | RIGHT CEILING |
| ⌊ | ⌊ = ⌊ = ⌊ | LEFT FLOOR |
| ⌋ | ⌋ = ⌋ = ⌋ | RIGHT FLOOR |
| ⟨ | 〈 = 〈 = ⟨ | LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET |
| ⟩ | 〉 = 〉 = ⟩ | RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET |
| From U+25A0 to U+25FF; Geometric Shapes [Unicode.org/...]; | ||
| ◊ | ◊ = ◊ = ◊ | LOZENGE |
| From U+2660 to U+26FF; Miscellaneous Symbols [Unicode.org/...]; | ||
| ♠ | ♠ = ♠ = ♠ | BLACK SPADE SUIT |
| ♣ | ♣ = ♣ = ♣ | BLACK CLUB SUIT |
| ♥ | ♥ = ♥ = ♥ | BLACK HEART SUIT |
| ♦ | ♦ = ♦ = ♦ | BLACK DIAMOND SUIT |
Unicode code blocks
The code blocks below are as of Unicode 4.0, but the images I have are from Unicode 3.0. The PDFs are all fairly small except where noted (EG: The CJK code block).
Notes
This page has many special characters so you system may need to be tweaked in order for them to be rendered properly. Most notably the typefaces/fonts needed are Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, or Lucida Sans Unicode.
Many of the hexadecimal Unicode code points on this page are padded with zero so they will be four digits long and thus allow more exact searching.
Here is the essence of URL syntax:
scheme://user:password@host.domain.tld:port/path/file?param1=1st+value¶m2=2nd%20value#bookmarkAll the non-alpha numeric characters (
: / @ ? = + &) as well as a few others (; $ ,) have special meaning in URIs and must be escaped in URIs if not used as a special character using%hexadecimalsyntax. EG: In the parameter value ofR&D, the&must be escaped to makeR%26Dsince the&delimits parameters in query strings.
ß (ß = ß = ß, the LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S, aka eszett or scharfes es) is a ligature of ſ (ſ = ſ, the LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S, aka the medial s) with either s (to form ſs) or z (to form ſz). I just wanted to note two things:
- The eszett is lowercase (it has no uppercase) and yet (gasp!) it is in the upper case column!
- The medial s (ſ) looks like a lowercase f (f), hence "suck" can be much dirtier.
- The scharfes looks similar to the β (β = β = β), the GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA.
Page Modified: (Hand noted: 2008-02-07 20:38:49Z) (Auto noted: 2008-03-19 15:37:29Z)